Jump to content

ACT New Zealand

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from ACT Party)

ACT New Zealand
Rōpū ACT (Māori)
LeaderDavid Seymour
Deputy LeaderBrooke van Velden
PresidentCatherine Isaac[1]
Founders
Founded1994; 30 years ago (1994)
Split fromNew Zealand Labour Party
Headquarters27 Gillies Avenue, Newmarket, Auckland
Student wingYoung ACT[2]
Ideology
Political positionRight-wing
Colours
  •   Yellow
  •   Cyan
  •   Magenta
Slogan"ACT for real change"[3]
MPs in the
House of Representatives
11 / 123
Website
act.org.nz

This article is part of a series on
Conservatism
in New Zealand
Principles
History
Politicians
Activists
Parties
Active

Defunct

Organisations and media
Related

ACT New Zealand (Māori: Rōpū ACT),[4] also known as the ACT Party or simply ACT (/ˈækt/), is a right-wing,[11] classical liberal,[14] right-libertarian,[18] and conservative[24] political party in New Zealand. It is currently led by David Seymour, and is in coalition with the National and New Zealand First parties, as part of the Sixth National government.[25]

ACT is an acronym of the name of the Association of Consumers and Taxpayers, a pressure group that was founded in 1993 by former National Party MP Derek Quigley and former Labour Party MP Roger Douglas, a figure of the New Right who served as minister of finance under the Fourth Labour Government. Douglas' neoliberal economic policies, dubbed Rogernomics, transformed New Zealand's economy from a protectionist one into a free market through extensive deregulation.

After Labour lost the 1990 election in a wipeout and its neoliberal faction lost influence, ACT was built mostly by Douglas' former party supporters as a new political party for 1996. The introduction of proportional representation gave minor parties a greatly increased chance of getting into parliament. Former Labour MP Richard Prebble unexpectedly won the safe Labour seat of Wellington Central, and served as ACT party leader from after the election until 2004. Under Prebble's leadership the party held nine seats in Parliament. Rodney Hide served as leader from 2004 to 2011. ACT was briefly led by former National Party leader Don Brash for the 2011 election, after which the party caucus was reduced to one seat.

ACT gave support to the Fifth National Government from 2008 to 2017. It is currently led by David Seymour, who became the party's leader in October 2014 and has been an elected MP of the party since September 2014. During the 2017 election, ACT retained its sole seat in Epsom and received 0.5% of the party vote.[26] ACT rebounded in the 2020 election, winning 10 seats with 7.6% of the party vote.[27] In the 2023 election ACT increased its share of the party vote to 9% and picked up an additional seat–the party's best result since its founding.[28]

Principles

[edit]
Part of a series on
Liberalism
Schools
Principles
History
Philosophers
Politicians
Organizations
Regional variants
Related topics

According to former party leader Rodney Hide, ACT's values are "individual freedom, personal responsibility, doing the best for our natural environment and for smaller, smarter government in its goals of a prosperous economy, a strong society, and a quality of life that is the envy of the world".[29] ACT states that it adheres to classical-liberal and small (or limited) government principles coupled with what the party considers as a high regard for individual freedom and personal responsibility.[30][13] ACT sets out its values:

  • The principal object of the Party is to promote an open and benevolent society in which individual New Zealanders are free to achieve their full potential.[31]
  • That individuals are the rightful owners of their own lives and therefore have inherent freedoms and responsibilities.
  • That the proper purpose of government is to protect such freedoms and not to assume such responsibilities.[32]
  • All people should be equal before the law regardless of race, gender, sexuality, religion or political belief.[33]
  • Freedom of expression is essential to a free society and must be promoted, protected and preserved without restriction other than for incitement, criminal nuisance or defamation.[33]
  • Citizenship and permanent residency should be subject to applicants affirming New Zealand's values.[33]

Policies and ideology

[edit]
ACT has described itself as 'The Liberal Party'.

ACT has been characterised as a conservative,[34][35][36] classical liberal and libertarian party,[17][37][12] although its stances have changed under successive leadership and the party's support base has drawn a "big tent" and a "broad church" of voters.[citation needed] ACT's platform featured conservative populist policies under former leaders Richard Prebble (in office: 1996–2004) and Rodney Hide (2004–2011).[38] Under the leadership of David Seymour (in office from 2014 onwards), commentators have identified a shift in policy to a more libertarian outlook.[39][40] Seymour has stated that he does not view populism as the way to govern a country or to stimulate growth, and has accused the centre-left New Zealand Labour Party of engaging in populism in its policies on business, spending and tax.[41][42][non-primary source needed][better source needed] The ACT Party emphasises the importance of property rights.[43][44]

ACT wants to reduce or remove some government programmes which it sees as unnecessary and wasteful, and to increase self-reliance by encouraging individuals to take responsibility to pay for services traditionally paid for by governments. Under leader Rodney Hide, ACT New Zealand had primarily focused on two main policy areas: taxation and crime (law-and-order issues). At the 2011 general election, ACT advocated lowering tax rates and also supported something approaching a flat tax, in which tax rates would not be graduated based on wealth or income, so that every taxpayer would pay the same proportion of their income in tax. The flat tax-rate that ACT proposed was approximately 15%, with no tax on the first $25,000 for those who opt out of state-provided accident, sickness and healthcare cover.[45] As at 2021, the party proposed reducing GST and decreasing the marginal tax rate paid by those on the median wage, but did not advocate a flat tax rate.[46]

During the 2020 general election, the ACT party campaigned on a broad policy platform. It prioritised economic recovery (see: COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand § Long-term effects), keeping national debt low, and signing up to a CANZUK agreement which would enable free movement of people and goods between the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada and Australia. The party wants to protect freedom of expression and to limit funding for universities that do not uphold freedom of speech on campus. It supports immigration while it calls for compulsory measures for immigrants to assimilate and for limiting citizenship or permanent-residency status to those who pledge to uphold the values of New Zealand.[47]

Law and order

[edit]

On its website, ACT states "that all New Zealanders should have the same fundamental rights, regardless of race, religion, sexuality or gender".[48] The party says "the rights of victims should trump the rights of criminals" and has a number of tough-on-crime policies focused primarily on trying to control gangs. Party leader, David Seymour, wants to reintroduce the "three strikes law" (repealed in 2022 by the Labour Government) and to impose three-year prison sentences—without parole—on anyone who commits three burglaries.[49] ACT advocates repealing New Zealand's 2019 firearms legislation, and taking a "tougher" stance on criminals who repeatedly offend and on those found guilty of violent crimes, while also supporting rehabilitation programs.[50]

In September 2022, the ACT Party proposed fitting ankle bracelets on young offenders aged between 11 and 14 to combat juvenile crime, particularly ram-raiding. Party leader Seymour argued that ankle bracelets were non-intrusive and would allow police to monitor young offenders.[51][52] In response, Police Minister Chris Hipkins stated that the Labour Government was not considering the use of ankle bracelets for young offenders but would keep "all options on the table".[53] National Party leader Christopher Luxon and education spokesperson Erica Stanford initially indicated that they would not support ACT's ankle-bracelet policy, with Stanford describing it as "heartbreaking".[54] New Zealand rugby-league player Sir Graham Lowe criticised the ankle-bracelet policy, while Waikato retailer Ash Parmer supported it.[52] In November 2022, National reversed its initial opposition to fitting young offenders with ankle bracelets; with justice spokesperson Paul Goldsmith stating that a law change was necessary to impose electronic monitoring or intensive supervision on child offenders aged under 12 years.[55]

In May 2023, Seymour announced that ACT, if elected into government, would build youth-detention centres run by the Department of Corrections. ACT's proposed policies include shifting management of youth offenders from Oranga Tamariki (the Ministry for Children) to the Corrections Department, investing NZ$677 million into combating youth crime over the following four years – including NZ$500 million on the construction of 200 new "youth justice beds", and $44 million per year to operate these facilities.[56][57]

Social issues

[edit]

Members of ACT's caucus in parliament voted five to four in favour of the Civil Union Act 2004 which gave the option of legal recognition to (among others) same-sex couples. A majority within the caucus also supported the legalisation of brothels by the Prostitution Reform Act 2003.[58] In 2005, both of ACT's MPs, Rodney Hide and Heather Roy, voted for the Marriage (Gender Clarification) Amendment Bill 2005, which would have banned the possibility of introducing same-sex marriage in New Zealand in the future perspective.[59]

In 2013, leader John Banks (the party's sole MP from 2011 to 2014) voted in favour of the Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Bill at its third reading, a law which legalised same-sex marriage in New Zealand.[60]

ACT leader David Seymour supported the legalisation of assisted dying. In 2018, he introduced a member's bill, the End of Life Choice Bill, which aimed to legalise euthanasia in New Zealand.[61] The law passed in 2019, was approved by the public in a 2020 referendum,[62] and took full effect in 2021. Grant Duncan cited the euthanasia law as an example of ACT neoliberalism.[63] In 2020, Seymour voted for the Abortion Legislation Act which introduced abortion on request.[64] However, he criticised a particular aspect of this law which created "free protest zones" which would ban protests near abortion clinics, saying this limits freedom of expression.[65] In 2021, ACT expressed support for liberalisation of surrogacy law so as to facilitate availability of surrogate services to heterosexual and same-sex couples as well.[66] (Currently, New Zealand law permits altruistic surrogacy only.)

Māori issues

[edit]

ACT proposes abolition of the Māori electorate seats in the New Zealand Parliament, arguing the seats are "an anachronism and offensive to the principle of equal citizenship" and that Māori MPs have been elected in general elections on other lists without special assistance. The party also wants to reduce the number of MPs in parliament from 120 to 100.[67]

In March 2022, ACT campaigned on holding a referendum on Māori co-governance arrangements as a condition for entering into coalition with the National Party. Seymour has argued that the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi was not a partnership between the New Zealand Crown and Māori, and that co-governance arrangements created resentment and division. In addition, ACT announced that it would introduce a new law defining the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi if elected into government following the 2023 election. This law would only come into effect following a referendum held at the 2026 general election.[68] ACT's proposed referendum and law would affect co-governance arrangements at several Crown Research Institutes, state-owned enterprises and healthcare providers such as Te Aka Whai Ora (the Māori Health Authority). However, Seymour indicated that the new law would preserve existing co-governance arrangements with the Waikato, Ngāi Tahu, Tūhoe and Whanganui iwi (tribes).[69]

Māori Party co-leader Debbie Ngarewa-Packer and Professor Linda Tuhiwai Smith described ACT's proposed co-governance referendum and policies as being motivated by racism and reflecting a Pākehā unwillingness to share power. Similarly, Waikato leader Rahui Papa claimed that ACT's co-governance policies clashed with the second and third articles of the treaty which (he argued) guaranteed Māori participation in the social sector.[69][68] In response, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern reiterated her government's commitment to co-governance arrangements. Meanwhile, National Party leader Christopher Luxon refused to commit to a referendum on co-governance, but acknowledged that further clarity on co-governance was needed.[68]

In October 2022, ACT released a discussion document entitled "Democracy or co-government?" which proposed a new Treaty Principles Act that would end the focus on partnership between Māori and the Crown and interpret "tino rangatiratanga" solely as property rights. By contrast, most scholars of the Māori language define "tino rangatiratanga" as the equivalent of "self-determination" in the English language. The proposed Treaty Principles Act does not mention Māori, the Crown, iwi (tribes), and hapū (subgroups) but refers only to "New Zealanders". ACT Party leader Seymour refused to identify whom his party had consulted when developing its co-governance and Treaty of Waitangi policies, particularly its redefinition of "tino rangatiratanga" as property rights. As part of ACT's non-racial (colour-blind) policies, its social-development spokesperson Karen Chhour advocated the abolition of Te Aka Whai Ora.[70]

Following the 2023 election and the formation of a National-led coalition government, ACT embarked on a public information campaign in early February 2024 to promote its Treaty Principles Bill. This campaign includes the creation of a new website called "treaty.nz," which has a Questions and Answers section outlining the party's approach to the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi and a video featuring Seymour. Seymour also contested claims that the opposition was trying to rewrite or abolish the Treaty of Waitangi. The public information campaign also came after a leaked Justice Ministry memo claimed that the proposed bill clashed with the text of the Treaty.[71]

Climate change

[edit]

ACT went into the 2008 general election with a policy that in part stated "New Zealand is not warming" and that their policy goal was to ensure "That no New Zealand government will ever impose needless and unjustified taxation or regulation on its citizens in a misguided attempt to reduce global warming or become a world leader in carbon neutrality".[72] In September 2008, ACT Party Leader Rodney Hide stated "that the entire climate change – global warming hypothesis is a hoax, that the data and the hypothesis do not hold together, that Al Gore is a phoney and a fraud on this issue, and that the emissions trading scheme is a worldwide scam and swindle."[73] The former party leader has been branded as an "outspoken Kiwi climate change sceptic".[74] In February 2016, ACT deleted this climate-change policy from their website, and party leader David Seymour criticised the Green Party for doing "bugger all for the environment".[75]

ACT placed Chris Baillie fourth on its party list of candidates in the 2020 election; he has received criticism over his views on climate change,[76] and been labelled a climate-change sceptic.[77] In the runup to the 2020 election, Environmental Defence Society chief executive Gary Taylor said that even ACT had moved its position from where it had been. He was largely critical of the party, saying: "ACT have been very outspoken about wanting to go hard to repeal a lot of climate change legislation, and I haven't seen much from New Zealand First, mainly just silence." He also stated: "I think the only upside from ACT really on climate change is they do seem to have moved from outright deniers – which is where the party was five years ago. [With] a strong ACT presence you could expect some of their radical and unhelpful policies to potentially be implemented, and that is frankly a scary proposition."[78]

In early December 2020, the New Zealand Parliament officially declared a climate emergency, of which ACT was critical, stating, "Today's climate emergency was a triumph for post-rational politics with feelings rather than facts driving the Government's response to climate change".[79] The party supports repealing the 2019 "Zero Carbon Act".[80]

Foreign policy

[edit]

In 2019, ACT expressed sympathy with the Hong Kong pro-democracy protestors during the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests with party leader David Seymour speaking at a Hong Kong pro-democracy rally at the University of Auckland. The party argued that the New Zealand government should condemn efforts by the Chinese government to restrict freedom of speech in Hong Kong and criticised the Chinese Consulate-General for praising a Chinese student who had assaulted a pro-democracy activist in Auckland.[81][82]

In response to the Israel–Hamas war, Seymour as ACT leader issued a statement in support of Israel and condemned Hamas terrorism. ACT also accused Labour Foreign Minister Nanaia Mahuta of not explicitly opposing Hamas' actions.[83][84]

History

[edit]
Former Minister of Finance Sir Roger Douglas was the party's first leader.

Formation

[edit]

The name comes from the initials of the Association of Consumers and Taxpayers, founded in 1993 by Sir Roger Douglas and Derek Quigley. Douglas and Quigley intended the Association to serve as a pressure-group promoting Rogernomics—the name given to the radical free-market policies implemented by Douglas as Minister of Finance between 1984 and 1988.[85] The Association grew out of the 'Backbone club', a ginger group in the Labour Party that supported Douglas and his policies.[86] In 1996, New Zealand switched to using the MMP electoral system. The new electoral system gave smaller groups a much better chance of entering Parliament, and encouraged the Association to transform into a political party and contest elections.[87] The nascent party's manifesto was based upon a book written by Douglas entitled Unfinished Business. Douglas served as ACT's first leader, but soon stood aside for Richard Prebble (his old ally from their days in the Labour Party).[88]

1996–2004: Prebble's leadership

[edit]
Richard Prebble led ACT from 1996 to 2004.

Under Douglas, ACT had languished at 1% in opinion polls, but with Prebble's populist rhetoric the party increased in support.[89] In the 1996 election, ACT fielded 56 list candidates.[90] Prebble won the Wellington Central electorate,[90] and with 6.10% of the total party vote, ACT also sent seven list MPs to the 45th New Zealand Parliament.[91]

In the 1999 election, ACT obtained 7.04% of the party vote, making it eligible for nine list MPs.[92]

In the 2002 election, ACT obtained 7.14% of the party vote, making it eligible for nine list MPs.[93]

On 2 December 2004, both Douglas and Quigley announced that they would step down as patrons of ACT. They stated as the reason that they wished to have more freedom to disagree with the party publicly.[94]

2005 election

[edit]

Prebble's sudden departure from the leadership of ACT in 2004 signalled a decline in the party's electoral fortunes.[89] Rodney Hide led ACT into the 2005 election. It obtained 1.51% of the party vote, but due to Hide winning the seat of Epsom, it did not need to obtain the necessary 5% threshold of the party vote. This was only enough to allow one list MP Heather Roy, to join Hide in parliament.[95]

2008–2011: First term in government

[edit]

In the 2008 New Zealand general election, ACT fielded 61 list candidates, starting with Rodney Hide, Heather Roy, Sir Roger Douglas, John Boscawen, David Garrett and Hilary Calvert. The election marked an improvement in ACT's fortunes. Hide retained his Epsom seat and ACT's share of the party vote increased to 3.65% (up from the 1.5% gained in the 2005 election). The combination allowed the party five MPs in total.[96]

In addition, the National Party won the most seats overall, forming a minority government, the Fifth National Government of New Zealand, with the support of ACT as well as the Māori Party and United Future. John Key offered both Hide and Roy posts as Ministers outside Cabinet: Hide became Minister of Local Government, Minister for Regulatory Reform and Associate Minister of Commerce, while Roy became Minister of Consumer Affairs, Associate Minister of Defence and Associate Minister of Education.[97]

After 2008, some caucus MPs and organisational members became dissatisfied with ACT's coalition partner status and argued at ACT's national conference (27 February 2010) that there were insufficient fiscal responsibility policy gains for their party and that the National Party had slid from its earlier commitment to the politics of fiscal responsibility over the course of the previous decade. Throughout 2009, there had been at least one reported ACT caucus coup attempt against Hide's leadership, believed to have been led by Deputy Leader Heather Roy and Roger Douglas. However, it faltered when Prime Minister Key supported Hide's retention and threatened a snap election. In addition, the party's polling of a lowly one to two percent in most opinion polls meant only Heather Roy might accompany Hide after any forthcoming general election, if Hide retained ACT's Epsom pivotal electorate seat.[98]

On 28 April 2011, Hide announced that he was resigning the ACT leadership in favour of former National Party leader and Reserve Bank Governor Don Brash who joined the party that morning. Brash's leadership was unanimously approved by the party board and parliamentary caucus on 30 April.[99] Brash promised to focus the party on controlling government debt, equality between Māori and non-Māori, and rethinking the Emissions Trading Scheme, with a target of getting 15 percent of the party vote in the next election.[100]

In November 2011, a recording of a conversation held between John Key and the former National Party member and former Mayor of Auckland City John Banks, who had been selected as the new ACT candidate in Epsom, was leaked to Herald on Sunday.[101][102] 3 News also obtained copies of the recording suggesting the two politicians were discussing issues related to ACT New Zealand's leadership.[101] Media dubbed the affair teapot tape.[101]

2011 election: Decline

[edit]

In the 2011 New Zealand general election, ACT fielded 55 list candidates, starting with new leader Don Brash, Catherine Isaac, Don Nicolson, John Banks, David Seymour and Chris Simmons.[103] The election was a disappointment for ACT, with the party's worst election result since it began in 1996. John Banks retained the Epsom seat for ACT, however the 34.2% majority held by Rodney Hide was severely cut back to 6.3% as large numbers of Labour and Green voters in Epsom tactically split their vote and gave their electorate vote to the National candidate Paul Goldsmith. Nationwide, ACT received only 1.07% of the party vote, placing eighth out of 13 on party vote percentage.[104] As a result, ACT were only entitled to one seat in the new Parliament, filled by John Banks. Subsequently, Don Brash announced that he had stepped down as leader during his speech on election night.[105][106] Following the 2011 general election John Banks stated that he believed that the ACT brand "...just about had its use-by date..." and needed to be renamed and relaunched.[107]

Their previous partners, the National Party, again won the most seats overall, and formed a minority government. The Fifth National Government of New Zealand had ACT support as well as that of United Future and the Māori Party, providing the coalition with confidence and supply.

2014 election

[edit]
David Seymour and Jamie Whyte at the ACT selection announcement for Leader and Epsom in February 2014

At the ACT Board meeting of 2 February 2014, Jamie Whyte became the party's leader-elect, and David Seymour was made the ACT candidate for Epsom. Kenneth Wang was appointed deputy leader on 15 April 2014. In the September 2014 general election, Seymour won his seat, and ACT moved from seventh to sixth place, despite a decline in their share of the popular vote. Seymour took over as party leader on 3 October 2014.[108][109]

2017 election

[edit]
Previous logo used in the 2017 election

Wang resigned as deputy leader on 9 July 2017, the same day ACT released its party list; Beth Houlbrooke was announced as his replacement.[110]

The party list had 39 candidates, none of whom were elected.[111] Party leader David Seymour was re-elected in the Epsom electorate, giving the party its only seat.[26]

2020–2023 term

[edit]

In the run-up to the 2020 general election, ACT rose in opinion polls, from under 1% to close to 8%. This rise was attributed to Seymour's personal popularity.[112] Following the election, held on 17 October (postponed from September), ACT increased their share of the party vote to 7.6%, winning 10 seats including Seymour's Epsom seat and nine from the party list.[113][114] This was the party's best-ever result.[115] Some political analysists attributed ACT's strong result as partly benefiting from the collapse in support for the National Party and New Zealand First.[40]

In late April 2021, the ACT party sponsored motion asking the New Zealand Parliament to debate and vote on the issue of human rights abuses against the Uyghur ethnic minority community in China's Xinjiang province.[116] In early May, the incumbent Labour Party revised the motion to raise concerns about human rights abuses in Xinjiang but omitting the term genocide, which was subsequently adopted by the New Zealand Parliament on 5 May.[117][118] In response, the Chinese Embassy claimed that the motion made "groundless accusations" of human rights abuses against China and constituted an interference in China's internal affairs.[119][120]

On 19 May 2021, the ACT Party opposed Green Party MP Golriz Ghahraman's motion calling for members of parliament to recognise the rights of Palestinians to self-determination and statehood while reaffirming its support for a two-state solution to the Israel-Palestine conflict. Deputy Leader Van Velden justified ACT's opposition to the Green motion on the basis of Green MP Ricardo Menéndez March's tweet that said "From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free!."[121][122]

2023–present: Coalition with National

[edit]
Main article: Sixth National Government of New Zealand

Final results of the 2023 general election indicated that ACT won 8.64% of the party vote, resulting in 11 seats.[123][28] Seymour retained his Epsom seat and Deputy Leader Brooke van Velden won the Tāmaki electorate.[124] In November 2023, ACT entered into a coalition deal with the National party to form part of the Sixth National Government of New Zealand.[125]

As part of National's coalition agreement with ACT, the Government would adopt ACT's policies of restoring interest deductibility for rental properties and pet bonds. In addition to adopting National's youth crime and gang policies, the new Government would adopt ACT's policies of rewriting firearms legislation. The new Government would also scrap the previous Labour Government's fair pay agreements, proposed hate speech legislation, co-governance policies, Auckland light rail, Three Waters reform programme, and Māori Health Authority. The Government would also establish a new Ministry for Regulation headed by Seymour that would review the quality of new and existing legislation.[126][127][128][129] While National did not support Act's proposed referendum on the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, the Government would introduce a Treaty Principles Act and amend existing Treaty of Waitangi legislation to focus on the "original intent of the legislation."[128][130]

Within the National-led coalition government, Seymour became the first Minister for Regulation and was designated as Deputy Prime Minister from 31 May 2025. Van Velden became Minister of Internal Affairs and Minister for Workplace Relations and Safety. Nicole McKee became Minister for Courts and Associate Minister of Justice (firearms). Andrew Hoggard was appointed as Minister for Biosecurity and Food Safety while Karen Chhour was appointed as Minister for Children and Minister for the Prevention of Family and Sexual Violence. Simon Court was appointed as Parliamentary Under-Secretary for the Minister for Infrastructure and RMA Reform.[131]

On 7 February 2024, the ACT Party launched a campaign to support its Treaty Principles Bill, aiming to "restore the meaning of the Treaty of Waitangi to what was actually written and signed in 1840." ACT also reiterated its call for a referendum on the Treaty's application if the bill progresses past the initial stages. Opposition to the bill included criticism from Te Pāti Māori co-leader Debbie Ngarewa-Packer, who accused Seymour of deliberately trying to divide New Zealand, and outgoing Labour MP Kelvin Davis, who stated that his party will continue to oppose the "Pākehā Government spiders".[132]

On 7 June 2024, Stuff journalist Tova O'Brien reported that allegations of intimidation, unfair treatment of women and a "trainwreck campaign" within the ACT party had led six staff members and volunteers to resign following the 2023 general election. In addition, the party's board was facing a vote of no confidence. Complainants likened elements of the 2023 election campaign to the Hunger Games and alleged that candidates and volunteers were bullied. In response to the allegations, the ACT party confirmed that it had conducted an independent review into its campaign. The party's president Catherine Isaac stated that the party had accepted the review's recommendations and acknowledged that political campaigns could be stressful on people, who also had to balance their lives and careers.[133] During ACT's annual rally on 9 June, Seymour downplayed allegations of a "culture of fear" within the ACT party and reiterated the party's support for the review's recommendations. In his speech, Seymour said that the party's support had grown by 1,000 percent in the past five years and set out a 15% voter target for the 2026 general election.[134]

In early July 2024, ACT invoked the "agree to disagree" provision of its coalition agreement after the National-led government decided to progress the Fair Digital News Bargaining Bill, which had been introduced by the previous Labour Government.[135]

Electoral results

[edit]
Election Candidates nominated Seats won Votes Vote share % Position[A] Status
Electorate List
1996[91] 65 56
8 / 120
 126,442 6.10% 5th Crossbench
1999[92] 61 65
9 / 120
 145,493 7.04% 4th Opposition
2002[93] 56 60
9 / 120
 145,078 7.14% 4th
2005[95] 56 59
2 / 121
 34,469 1.50% 7th
2008[136] 58 61
5 / 122
 85,496 3.65% 4th Confidence and supply
2011[137] 50 55
1 / 121
 23,889 1.07% 7th
2014[138] 39 41
1 / 121
 16,689 0.69% 6th
2017[139] 36 39
1 / 120
 13,075 0.50% 5th Opposition
2020[140] 57 57[141]
10 / 120
 219,030 7.58% 4th
2023 59 61
11 / 123
 246,409 8.64% 4th Coalition
^A Ranked by number of seats, then by number of votes as a tie-breaker.

Leadership

[edit]

The ACT party board appoints a leader and deputy leader recommended by the party caucus; when the party leader is not a member of parliament, a separate parliamentary leader is chosen by the caucus. The organisation outside parliament is led by a party president and party vice-president.[142]

Leaders

[edit]
Main article: Leader of ACT New Zealand
Image Name Term
Roger Douglas (1994–1996)
Richard Prebble (1996–2004)
Rodney Hide (2004–2011)
Don Brash (2011)
John Banks (2012–2014)
Jamie Whyte (2014)
David Seymour (2014–present)

Deputy leaders

[edit]

Parliamentary leaders

[edit]

Presidents

[edit]

Vice presidents

[edit]
  • David Schnauer (1999–2000)
  • Rodney Hide (2000–2001)
  • Vince Ashworth (2001–2004)
  • John Ormond (2004–2006)
  • Trevor Loudon (2006–2008)
  • Michael Crozier (2008–2009)
  • Dave Moore (2009–2010)
  • Bruce Haycock (2010–2014)
  • Beth Houlbrooke (2014–2016)
  • Heather Anderson (2016–2017)
  • Michaela Draper (2017–2018)
  • Beth Houlbrooke (2018–2020)
  • Isaac Henderson (2020–2022)
  • Henry Lynch (2022–2023)
  • Catherine Isaac (2023–current)

Elected representatives

[edit]

Current members of parliament

[edit]

Former members of parliament

[edit]

Notable candidates

[edit]
Main category: ACT New Zealand politicians
Berry speaking at the free speech protest, Auckland 2018
  • Stephen Berry (born 1983), politician, political commentator, internet personality, and comedian. Berry was an ACT candidate in 2014, 2017, 2018, and 2020.[145][146][147]
  • Allan Birchfield (born 1949/1950), coal and gold miner, chairman of the West Coast Regional Council. Birchfield was an ACT candidate in 2011.
  • Barry Brill (born 1940), lawyer, politician, parliamentary under-secretary. Brill was an ACT candidate in 2011.
  • Bob Clarkson (born 1939), National Member of Parliament. Clarkson was an ACT candidate in 2011.
  • Andrew Falloon (born 1983), National Member of Parliament. Falloon was an ACT list candidate in 2005 and 2008.
  • Jo Giles (1950–2011), television presenter and representative sportswoman. Giles was an ACT candidate in 2005.
  • Catherine Isaac, president of ACT New Zealand, managing director of Awaroa Partners, former director of JM Communications. Isaac was an ACT list candidate in 2011.
  • John Lithgow (1933–2004), National Member of Parliament. Lithgow was an ACT candidate in Whanganui in 1996.
  • Garry Mallett (born 1960/1961), politician, fourth President of ACT New Zealand, former owner-operator of a Hamilton branch of Les Mills International. Mallett was an ACT candidate in Hamilton West in 1996, Hamilton East in 2005, Hamilton East in 2008.
  • Dick Quax (1948–2018), Dutch-born New Zealand runner, one-time world record holder in the 5000 metres, and local-body politician. Quax was an ACT candidate in 1999 and 2002.
  • Graham Scott (born 1942), official of the New Zealand government. Scott was an ACT candidate in 2005.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ O'Brien, Tova (9 June 2023). "Tears and resignations after 'train wreck' ACT Party election campaign, sources claim". Stuff.
  2. ^ "Young Act". Young ACT. 1 December 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  3. ^ "ACT New Zealand". ACT New Zealand. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  4. ^ "Rōpū ACT - New Zealand Parliament". New Zealand Parliament | Pāremata Aotearoa (in Māori). 21 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  5. ^ Sharma, Shweta (23 November 2023). "New Zealand finally agrees makeup of coalition government after weeks of uncertainty". The Independent. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  6. ^ Quadri, Sami (24 November 2023). "New Zealand's National Party forms centre-right coalition after intense negotiations". Evening Standard. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  7. ^ Jose, Renju; Craymer, Lucy (23 November 2023). "New Zealand's National Party clinches deal to form government". Reuters. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  8. ^ Landsey, Amy (16 October 2023). "NZ could hold referendum on Treaty of Waitangi despite warnings of 'civil disobedience' over proposed changes to founding document". Sky News. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  9. ^ Chappell, Bill (27 November 2023). "New Zealand's new government plans to roll back cigarette ban as it funds tax cuts". NPR. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  10. ^ McKay, Ben (5 December 2022). "'Momentous': Ardern issues historic Maori apology and $155m in redress". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  11. ^ [5][6][7][8][9][10]
  12. ^ a b Boston, Jonathan (2003). New Zealand Votes: The General Election of 2002. Victoria University Press. p. 92. ISBN 9780864734686.
  13. ^ a b Seymour, David (23 February 2015). Our classical liberal tribe (Speech). act.org.nz. ACT New Zealand. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  14. ^ [12][13]
  15. ^ "Party profile: ACT Party — NZ Election 2020". Your complete guide to NZ Election 2020 – Policy. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2020. The ACT Party (Rōpū ACT) is a right-wing libertarian party that advocates free market policies and reducing the role of government.
  16. ^ Graham-McClay, Charlotte (8 August 2020). "ACT's David Seymour: 'I don't really care what people think and I'm still quite successful'". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
  17. ^ a b Norris, Pippa (2005). Radical Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market. Cambridge University Press. p. 285. ISBN 9781139446426. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  18. ^ [15][16][17]
  19. ^ Perry, Nick (14 August 2014). "Racism mars New Zealand election campaign". Washington Examiner. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  20. ^ "NZ votes for stability after chaos". News.com.au. 27 November 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  21. ^ "Third term lucky". The Economist. 18 October 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  22. ^ Smith, Ian (20 October 2022). "Farmers protest 'unworkable regulations' of New Zealand's proposed farm levy". Euronews. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  23. ^ "New Zealand's new PM unveils coalition government". Le Monde. 24 November 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  24. ^ [19][20][21][22][23]
  25. ^ "'Strong, productive, unified': Luxon sworn in as PM". The New Zealand Herald. 27 November 2023.
  26. ^ a b "2017 General Election – Official Result". New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  27. ^ "Explore 2020 New Zealand election results by overall party vote and at each local electorate level". Stuff. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  28. ^ a b "Official count – Overall Results". Electoral Commission. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  29. ^ Rodney Hide Archived 20 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine, "Speech to ACT Auckland Regional Conference, 30 July 2006"
  30. ^ ACT's Pledge To New Zealand, reported on 19 May 2008
  31. ^ "ACT Party". NZ Parliament.
  32. ^ "ACT Policy at a Glance". 5 January 2007. Archived from the original on 5 January 2007.
  33. ^ a b c "Principles". ACT.
  34. ^ Perry, Nick (14 August 2014). "Racism mars New Zealand election campaign". Washington Examiner. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  35. ^ "NZ votes for stability after chaos". News.com.au. 27 November 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  36. ^ "Third term lucky". The Economist. 18 October 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  37. ^ "Party profile: ACT Party — NZ Election 2020". Your complete guide to NZ Election 2020 – Policy. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2020. The ACT Party (Rōpū ACT) is a right-wing libertarian party that advocates free market policies and reducing the role of government.
  38. ^ "ACT's battle for significance". Newsroom. 4 October 2017.
  39. ^ Graham-McClay, Charlotte (8 August 2020). "ACT's David Seymour: 'I don't really care what people think and I'm still quite successful'". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
  40. ^ a b Duncan, Grant (7 October 2022). "The rise of ACT in 2020 highlights tensions between the party's libertarian and populist traditions". The Conversation. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  41. ^ "Populism is not a plan – we need a roadmap to recovery". ACT.
  42. ^ "David Seymour" – via Facebook.
  43. ^ "ACT the only party to support property rights" (Press release). ACT New Zealand. 14 June 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2023. 'ACT is the only party in Parliament who truly supports property rights [...],' says ACT Leader David Seymour.
  44. ^ "ACT's policies". ACT New Zealand. 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2023. ACT believes protecting the safety and property of its citizens is the government's first and most important job.
  45. ^ "ACT Taxation Policy". Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
  46. ^ "A Middle Income Tax Cut". ACT. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  47. ^ "Policies". ACT. 2020. Archived from the original on 16 October 2020.
  48. ^ A More Democratic New Zealand, ACT Party [dead link]
  49. ^ "Law and Order". ACT Party. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  50. ^ Seymour, David. "PM out of touch on crime and guns: ACT Party". act.org.nz (Press release). ACT New Zealand. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  51. ^ Manch, Thomas (6 September 2022). "ACT Party wants to put ankle bracelets on youth offenders who conduct ramraids". Stuff. Archived from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  52. ^ a b Hewett, William (8 September 2022). "David Seymour stands by ACT's idea to put young offenders who commit serious crimes in ankle bracelets amid criticism". Newshub. Archived from the original on 18 September 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  53. ^ Quinlivan, Mark (21 October 2022). "Idea of putting youth offenders in ankle bracelets 'breaks my heart', National MP Erica Stanford says". Newshub. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2023. On Thursday, Police Minister Chris Hipkins indicated in Parliament putting ankle bracelets on ram raiders wasn't off the table. [...] 'In terms of the ankle bracelet policy, the issue of removing some of the repeat offenders from circulation and keeping them out of circulation is something the Government is very focused on,' said Hipkins, under questioning from ACT Police spokesperson Chris Baillie. 'I'm not convinced that extra use of ankle bracelets would necessarily achieve that but we're keeping all options on the table.'
  54. ^ Quinlivan, Mark (21 October 2022). "Idea of putting youth offenders in ankle bracelets 'breaks my heart', National MP Erica Stanford says". Newshub. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  55. ^ Pearse, Adam (18 November 2022). "Law change needed to facilitate National's plan to put ankle bracelets on 10-year-olds". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
  56. ^ Seymour, David (8 May 2023). "Holding youth offenders accountable". ACT Party. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  57. ^ Hewett, William (10 May 2023). "How ACT wants to end 'tag-and-release game' of juvenile offending". Newshub. Warner Bros. Discovery New Zealand. Archived from the original on 10 May 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  58. ^ Taylor, Kevin; NZPA (26 June 2003). "Barnett celebrates 'historic moment' with prostitution bill". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 27 October 2008.
  59. ^ "Marriage (Gender Clarification) Amendment Bill — First Reading – New Zealand Parliament". parliament.nz. 5 March 2024.
  60. ^ "Marriage equality bill : How MPs voted". Stuff. 2 April 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  61. ^ Seymour, David. "Seymour lodges assisted dying Bill" (Press release). ACT New Zealand. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  62. ^ "Election 2020: 'What a great day to be a Kiwi' — David Seymour celebrates euthanasia referendum passing". Stuff. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  63. ^ Duncan, Grant (7 October 2022). "The rise of ACT in 2020 highlights tensions between the party's libertarian and populist traditions". The Conversation. Retrieved 17 December 2020. The party stands for less government, more private enterprise and freedom of choice. It is therefore a child of neoliberalism — indeed, its only legitimate child. [...] For example, Seymour's referendum bill to allow assisted dying (euthanasia) was officially named the End of Life Choice Bill, asserting its ideological origins with the word 'choice'.
  64. ^ "ACT Welcomes Abortion Legislation Act | Scoop News". scoop.co.nz.
  65. ^ "ACT's David Seymour, the abortion lobbyists, and the Facebook scrap". Stuff. 13 March 2020.
  66. ^ "ACT backing Tamati Coffey's surrogacy bill". 1 News. TVNZ. 14 July 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  67. ^ "A More Democratic New Zealand". act.org.nz. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  68. ^ a b c Sherman, Maiki (24 March 2022). "ACT Party wants referendum on co-governance with Māori". 1 News. TVNZ. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  69. ^ a b Forbes, Mihirangi Forbes (29 March 2022). "Act Party – rewrites Te Tiriti interpretation". Newshub. Warner Bros. Discovery New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  70. ^ McConnell, Glenn (10 October 2022). "ACT increases 'co-governance' focus, says Treaty referendum a 'bottom line'". Stuff. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  71. ^ "ACT launches Treaty Principles Bill information campaign". Radio New Zealand. 7 February 2024. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  72. ^ "ACT Climate Change Policy" (PDF). 6 October 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2014.
  73. ^ Hide, Rodney (3 September 2008). "Hide: Emissions Trading Bill". Press Release ACT Party Speech to Parliament. scoop.co.nz. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
  74. ^ Theunissen, Matthew (27 June 2015). "Climate change? Yeah, nah". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  75. ^ Cooke, Henry (27 February 2016). "Coup ACT deletes climate change policy from their website". Stuff. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
  76. ^ Newman, Tim (5 July 2020). "Nelson ACT candidate responds to climate change criticism 'hysteria'". Stuff. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  77. ^ "Vote 2020: ACT list makes gun lobbyist and climate change denier electable". The New Zealand Herald. 28 June 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  78. ^ Huffadine, Leith (13 October 2020). "Politicians have a 'mandate' for climate action, how do their policies stack up?". Radio New Zealand (RNZ). Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  79. ^ Walls, Jason (2 December 2020). "Parliament passes climate emergency motion in House". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  80. ^ Wannan, Olivia (29 September 2020). "ACT, NZ First policies ignore, worsen climate change – health advocates". Stuff. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  81. ^ Tan, Lincoln (6 August 2019). "More than 100 gather for Hong Kong protest at the University of Auckland". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  82. ^ Christian, Harrison (6 August 2019). "Hong Kong protesters gather at Auckland University". Stuff. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  83. ^ "NZ leaders respond to Gaza attacks". The Spinoff. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  84. ^ Hewett, Wiliam (8 October 2023). "Nanaia Mahuta calls for 'immediate cessation of violence' as hundreds killed in Israel-Hamas conflict". Newshub. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  85. ^ "Group sets its sights". The New Zealand Herald. 24 August 1993. p. 5.
  86. ^ Orsman, Bernard (24 August 1993). "Former MPs get Act together". The New Zealand Herald. p. 5.
  87. ^ Curtin, Jennifer; Miller, Raymond (16 November 2012). "Political parties – Small parties under MMP". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  88. ^ Roper, Juliet; Holtz-Bacha, Christina; Mazzoleni, Gianpietro (2004). The Politics of Representation: Election Campaigning and Proportional Representation. Peter Lang. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-820-46148-9.
  89. ^ a b Trotter, Chris (2 August 2020). "Chris Trotter argues Richard Prebble made Act competitive electorally by turning it into a right-wing populist party, and asks whether David Seymour is doing the same". interest.co.nz. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  90. ^ a b "Part III – Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  91. ^ a b "Part I: Summary of Party List and Electorate Candidate Seats" (PDF). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  92. ^ a b "Election Results 1999: Summary of Overall Results". Electionresults.govt.nz. New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  93. ^ a b "Official Count Results – Overall Status". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  94. ^ "Sir Roger Douglas". Magazines Today. 10 January 2016. Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
  95. ^ a b "Election Results 2005: Official Count Results – Overall Status". Electionresults.govt.nz. New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  96. ^ "Chief Electoral Office: Official Count results: Overall status".
  97. ^ "Key's Government". The New Zealand Herald. 17 November 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  98. ^ Kay, Martin (27 February 2010). "Leader warns ACT's hardliners". Dominion Post.
  99. ^ "Act accepts Brash as leader". The New Zealand Herald. 30 April 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  100. ^ O'Sullivan, Fran (30 April 2011). "Coup aside, bold Brash must deliver on gamble". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  101. ^ a b c Wilson, Peter (16 November 2011). "Key may face more teapot tape accusations". 3 News. New Zealand. Archived from the original on 1 February 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  102. ^ Armstrong, John (16 November 2011). "'Teapot tape' could nail lid to ACT coffin". The New Zealand Herald. New Zealand. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
  103. ^ "Candidates | ACT New Zealand". Archived from the original on 14 October 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  104. ^ "Chief Electoral Office: Official Count results: Overall status". Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  105. ^ "Don Brash interview announcing resignation as ACT party leader". 26 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  106. ^ "John Banks' comments on Don Brash's resignation". 27 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  107. ^ "John Banks' comments on ACT Party brand". 28 November 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
  108. ^ Vance, Andrea (3 October 2014). "ACT's Jamie Whyte quits as leader". Stuff. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  109. ^ "David Seymour Accepts Act Leadership". Scoop (Press release). ACT New Zealand. 3 October 2014.
  110. ^ Small, Vernon (9 July 2017). "ACT party list prompts resignation of deputy leader Kenneth Wang". Stuff. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  111. ^ "2017 GENERAL ELECTION PARTY LISTS". Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  112. ^ Sowman-Lund, Stewart (3 October 2020). "Davidmania? The Spinoff meets Act's high-flying leader". The Spinoff. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  113. ^ "Election 2020: The night in pictures as voting results roll in". Stuff. 17 October 2020. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  114. ^ "2020 General Election and Referendums – Official Result". Electoral Commission. 6 November 2020. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  115. ^ "Election 2020: Act's voters 'came home' but David Seymour's challenge now is to keep them there". The New Zealand Herald. 18 October 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  116. ^ Manch, Thomas (28 April 2021). "ACT party will file motion asking Parliament to debate Xinjiang 'genocide'". Stuff. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  117. ^ McClure, Tess (4 May 2021). "New Zealand draws back from calling Chinese abuses of Uyghurs genocide". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  118. ^ Manch, Thomas (5 May 2021). "Parliament unanimously declares 'severe human rights abuses' occurring against Uyghur in China". Stuff. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  119. ^ "Response to Media Query by Spokesperson of Chinese Embassy in New Zealand about Motion on Xinjiang Passed by the NZ Parliament". Embassy of the People's Republic of China in New Zealand. 5 May 2021. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  120. ^ Neilson, Michael (6 May 2021). "China lashes out after New Zealand Parliament makes Uighur declaration over 'severe human rights abuses'". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  121. ^ "Green Party motion to call for recognition of Palestine's right to self-determination". Radio New Zealand. 19 May 2021. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
  122. ^ Manch, Thomas (19 May 2021). "Green Party's motion to declare Palestine a state fails in Parliament". Stuff. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
  123. ^ Ensor, Jamie (15 October 2023). "NZ election 2023 live updates: Results, analysis, reaction". Newshub. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  124. ^ "2023 General Election: Successful candidates". Electoral Commission. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  125. ^ Shaw, Richard (25 November 2023). "Three parties, two deals, one govt: The stress points within NZ's 'coalition of many colours'". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  126. ^ Quinlivan, Mark (24 November 2023). "Election 2023: National, ACT and NZ First's Coalition agreement". Newshub. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  127. ^ "Live: Luxon makes call to Gov-General to say he can form a govt". 1 News. TVNZ. 24 November 2023. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  128. ^ a b Palmer, Russell (24 November 2023). "Coalition details at a glance: What you need to know". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  129. ^ Daalder, Mark (24 November 2023). "Which policies survived the negotiations – and which didn't". Newsroom. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  130. ^ "New government plans to review Treaty of Waitangi principles". Radio New Zealand. 24 November 2023. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  131. ^ Palmer, Russell (24 November 2023). "Cabinet lineup for new government unveiled – who gets what?". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  132. ^ "ACT launches Treaty Principles Bill 'information campaign'". 1News. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  133. ^ O'Brien, Tova (7 June 2024). "Tears and resignations after 'train wreck' ACT Party election campaign, sources claim". Stuff. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  134. ^ Hanly, Lillian (10 June 2024). "ACT leader David Seymour brushes off claims party has a 'culture of fear'". RNZ. Archived from the original on 9 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  135. ^ "Coalition to press ahead with Fair Digital News Bargaining Bill". RNZ. 2 July 2024. Archived from the original on 2 July 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  136. ^ "Official Count Results – Overall Status". elections.nz. Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  137. ^ "Official Count Results – Overall Status". elections.nz. Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  138. ^ "Official Count Results – Overall Status". elections.nz. Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  139. ^ "2017 General Election – Official Result". elections.nz. Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  140. ^ "2020 General Election and Referendums – Preliminary Count". elections.nz. Electoral Commission. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  141. ^ "Candidates". ACT.
  142. ^ "Constitution and Rules" (PDF). ACT New Zealand. 2019. pp. 11, 14.
  143. ^ "John Thompson". ACT New Zealand. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  144. ^ "ACT says prisoners could earn time off by learning". radionz. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  145. ^ Walls, Jason (13 January 2021). "Hundreds of NZ right-wing users kicked off Twitter". NewstalkZB. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  146. ^ Berry, Stephen (23 March 2018). "Pharmac's anti-HIV drug subsidy is an own goal for LGBT". The Spinoff. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  147. ^ "New Zealand's new LGBTQ MPs make Parliament most rainbow in world". RNZ. 21 October 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to ACT New Zealand.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ACT_New_Zealand&oldid=1253964975"