Party of Italian Communists

Party of Italian Communists

Partito dei Comunisti Italiani
Party of Italian Communists Partito dei Comunisti Italiani
Leaders	Armando Cossutta; Oliviero Diliberto; Cesare Procaccini
Founder	Armando Cossutta
Founded	11 October 1998
Dissolved	11 December 2014
Split from	Communist Refoundation Party
Succeeded by	Communist Party of Italy
Headquarters	Piazza Augusto Imperatore 32, Rome
Newspaper	La Rinascita della Sinistra
Youth wing	Youth Federation of Italian Communists
Membership (2012)	12,500
Ideology	Communism
Political position	Left-wing to far-left
National affiliation	The Olive Tree (1998–2004); The Union (2004–2008); The Left – The Rainbow (2008); Anticapitalist and Communist List (2009); Federation of the Left (2009–2012); Civil Revolution (2013); The Other Europe (2014)
European affiliation	Party of the European Left (observer)
European Parliament group	GUE/NGL (1998–2009)
International affiliation	IMCWP
Colors	Red
Party flag
	Politics of Italy; Political parties; Elections;

The Party of Italian Communists (Italian: Partito dei Comunisti Italiani, PdCI) was a communist party in Italy^[2] established in October 1998 by splinters from the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC). The split was led by Armando Cossutta, founder and early leader of the PRC,^[3] who opposed Fausto Bertinotti's leadership and, especially, his decision to withdraw support from Romano Prodi's first cabinet. In December 2014, the party was transformed into the Communist Party of Italy (PCd'I), which would later evolve into the new version of the Italian Communist Party (PCI).

History

Foundation and early years

In October 1998, the PRC was divided between those who wanted to stop supporting Romano Prodi's first government, led by PRC secretary Fausto Bertinotti; and those who wanted to continue the alliance, led by PRC president Cossutta. The central committee endorsed Bertinotti's line, but Cossutta and his followers decided to support Prodi nonetheless. The votes of cossuttiani were not enough and the government lost a confidence vote in Parliament. The dissidents, who controlled the majority of deputies and senators, split and formed a rival communist outfit, the PdCI, which immediately joined the first cabinet led by Massimo D'Alema, leader of the Democrats of the Left and first post-communist to hold the job of Prime Minister of Italy. Under D'Alema, PdCI's Oliviero Diliberto served as Minister of Justice.

Despite the split of most of PRC's parliamentary representation, the PRC remained more popular than the PdCI with voters, both in the 1999 European Parliament election (4.3% to 2.0%) and the 2001 general election (5.0% to 1.7%).

Leadership of Diliberto

Diliberto, who had been elected secretary in 2000, led the PdCI to continue its participation in the centre-left coalition (known at the time as The Olive Tree) at the 2001 general election, which registered a victory by Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right House of Freedoms coalition. The PdCI obtained 1.7% of the vote and a handful of deputies and senators.

In the 2006 general election, the party was a member of the winning The Union coalition and won 2.4% of the vote and 16 deputies^[3] while the Together with the Union electoral list consisting of the PdCI, the Federation of the Greens and United Consumers won 11 senators.^[4] Subsequently, the PdCI entered Prodi's second government, which would last until January 2008.

In the meantime, Diliberto had become the undisputed leader of the party and since 2005 clashes between him and Cossutta became frequent. In 2006, the latter resigned from president and was replaced by Antonino Cuffaro. In 2007, Cossutta left the party altogether.

For the 2008 general election, the PdCI formed a joint list named Rainbow Left (SA) along with the PRC, the Greens and Democratic Left under Bertinotti's leadership. SA obtained a mere 3.1% (compared to 10.2% won by the constituent parties individually two years before) and no seats. In 2008, Diliberto was re-elected secretary and proposed to the PRC a re-unification of the two parties through a "communist constituent assembly".^[5]

Out of Parliament

In the run-up of the 2009 European Parliament election, the PdCI formed along with the PRC and minor groups the Anticapitalist and Communist List.^[6] The list got 3.4% of the vote and no MEPs. In April 2009, the list was transformed into the Federation of the Left,^[7]^[8] which would be disbanded by the end of 2012^[9] and officially dissolved in 2015.^[10] In the 2013 general election, the PdCI ran within Civil Revolution along with the PRC, the Greens, Italy of Values and minor groups, gaining 2.2% of the vote and no seats.^[11] The PdCI did not contest the 2014 European Parliament election, withdrawing its early support for The Other Europe electoral list.

Before and after the 2009 European election, the PdCI lost its right- and left-wings, respectively. In February, Unite the Left, led by Katia Bellillo (a former minister) and Umberto Guidoni (an incumbent MEP), left the party in order to participate in the election with the Left and Freedom list and would eventually merge into Left Ecology Freedom. In June, Marco Rizzo (the other incumbent MEP and former Diliberto's number two) was expelled^[12] and would later form the hard-line Communist Party.

In July 2013, Diliberto stepped down from secretary after thirteen years and was replaced by Cesare Procaccini, a 65-year-old former metalworker from Marche.^[1]

Communist Party of Italy

In December 2014, the PdCI was transformed into Communist Party of Italy, taking the name of the late Communist Party of Italy.^[13]

Election results

Italian Parliament

Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	Leader
Chamber of Deputies
2001	620,859	1.7	10 / 630	–	Oliviero Diliberto
2006	884,127	2.3	16 / 630	6	Oliviero Diliberto
2008	into SA	–	0 / 630	16	Oliviero Diliberto
2013	into RC	–	0 / 630	–	Oliviero Diliberto

Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	Leader
Senate of the Republic
2001	into Ulivo	–	2 / 315	–	Oliviero Diliberto
2006	into The Union	–	5 / 315	3	Oliviero Diliberto
2008	into SA	–	0 / 315	5	Oliviero Diliberto
2013	into RC	–	0 / 315	–	Oliviero Diliberto

European Parliament

Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	Leader
European Parliament
1999	622,261 (12th)	2.0	2 / 87	–	Oliviero Diliberto
2004	787,613 (8th)	2.4	2 / 78	–	Oliviero Diliberto
2009	1,038,247 (6th)^[a]	3.4	0 / 72	2	Oliviero Diliberto
2014	Did not run	–	0 / 73	–	Cesare Procaccini

^ In a joint list with Communist Refoundation Party.

Symbols

1998-1999
1999–2001
2001–2006
2006-2014

Leadership

Secretary: Armando Cossutta (1998–2000), Oliviero Diliberto (2000–2013), Cesare Procaccini (2013–2014)
- Coordinator: Marco Rizzo (1998–2009), Orazio Licandro (2009–2013), Alessandro Pignatiello (2013–2014)
President: Armando Cossutta (2000–2006), Antonino Cuffaro (2007–2013), Manuela Palermi (2013–2014)
Honorary President: Antonino Cuffaro (2013–2014)
Party Leader in the Chamber of Deputies: Oliviero Diliberto (1998), Tullio Grimaldi (1998–2001), Marco Rizzo (2001–2004), Pino Sgobio (2004–2008)
Party Leader in the Senate: Luigi Marino (1998–2006), Manuela Palermi (leader of the PdCI-Green's group, 2006–2008)
Party Leader in the European Parliament: Lucio Manisco (1998–2004), Marco Rizzo (2004–2009)

References

^ ^a ^b "Pdci, eletto nuovo segretario - Politica - ANSA.it".
^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2008). "Italy". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012.
^ ^a ^b Tom Lansford, ed. (2014). Political Handbook of the World 2014. SAGE Publications. p. 712. ISBN 978-1-4833-3327-4.
^ Tom Lansford, ed. (2013). Political Handbook of the World 2013. SAGE Publications. p. 715. ISBN 978-1-4522-5825-6.
^ "Diliberto rieletto segretario del Pdci, contro la minoranza: non rispettato il pluralismo".
^ "Pdci e Prc, lista unitaria il 6 giugno
"Anticapitalisti, con la sinistra europea".
^ "Per un nuovo inizio: costruiamo insieme la federazione della sinistra di alternativa".
^ "Al via la nuova Federazione della sinistra".
^ "Le primarie spaccano la Fds".
^ "Atto di scioglimento di associazione politica" (PDF).
^ "Elezioni 2014".^{[permanent dead link]}
^ "Lite con Diliberto, Rizzo fuori dal Pdci: «Sono capro espiatorio per le sconfitte»" .
^ "Ritorna il Partito comunista d'Italia: il Pdci si riprende la denominazione del 1921".

External links

Media related to Partito dei Comunisti Italiani at Wikimedia Commons

Official website

[14] In a joint list with Communist Refoundation Party.

[ANSA-1] "Pdci, eletto nuovo segretario - Politica - ANSA.it".

[2] Nordsieck, Wolfram (2008). "Italy". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012.

[Lansford2014-3] Tom Lansford, ed. (2014). Political Handbook of the World 2014. SAGE Publications. p. 712. ISBN 978-1-4833-3327-4.

[Lansford2013-4] Tom Lansford, ed. (2013). Political Handbook of the World 2013. SAGE Publications. p. 715. ISBN 978-1-4522-5825-6.

[5] "Diliberto rieletto segretario del Pdci, contro la minoranza: non rispettato il pluralismo".

[6] "Pdci e Prc, lista unitaria il 6 giugno
"Anticapitalisti, con la sinistra europea".

[7] "Per un nuovo inizio: costruiamo insieme la federazione della sinistra di alternativa".

[8] "Al via la nuova Federazione della sinistra".

[9] "Le primarie spaccano la Fds".

[10] "Atto di scioglimento di associazione politica" (PDF).

[11] "Elezioni 2014".^{[permanent dead link]}

[12] "Lite con Diliberto, Rizzo fuori dal Pdci: «Sono capro espiatorio per le sconfitte»" .

[13] "Ritorna il Partito comunista d'Italia: il Pdci si riprende la denominazione del 1921".

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v t e Historical political parties in Italy
Communist	Proletarian Unity Party (1972–1984) Italian Communist Party (1921–1991) Proletarian Democracy (1978–1991) Party of Italian Communists (1998–2014)
Democratic socialist	Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party (1881–1893) Italian Workers' Party (1882–1892) Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (1964–1972) Democratic Party of the Left (1991–1998) Democratic Left (2007–2010) Left Ecology Freedom (2010-2016)
Green	Rainbow Greens (1989–1990) Federation of Green Lists (1986–1990) Federation of the Greens (1990–2021)
Social-democratic and liberal-socialist	Italian Reformist Socialist Party (1912–1926) Unitary Socialist Party (1922–1930) Action Party (1929–1947) Labour Democratic Party (1943–1948) Union of Socialists (1948–1949) Unitary Socialist Party (1949–1951) Unified Socialist Party (1966–1969) Italian Socialist Party (1892–1994) Italian Democratic Socialist Party (1947–1998) Labour Federation (1994–1998) Democrats of the Left (1998–2007) Italian Democratic Socialists (1998–2007) Article One (2017–2023)
Radical and social-liberal	Action Party (1853–1867) Italian Radical Party (1904–1922) Democratic Party (1913–1919) Social Democracy (1922–1926) Republican Democratic Concentration (1946) Radical Party (1955–1989) Democratic Alliance (1993–1997) The Network (1991–1999)
Centrist and centrist liberal	Constitutional Democratic Party (1913–1919) Italian Democratic Liberal Party (1919–1926) Democratic Union for the Republic (1998–1999) Union for the Republic Italian Renewal (1996–2002) The Democrats (1999–2002) Segni Pact (1993–2003) Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (2002–2007) Civic Choice (2013–2019) Liberal Popular Alliance (2015–2018)
Regionalist and federalist	Movement for the Independence of Sicily (1943–1951) Federalists and Liberal Democrats (1994–1996) Federalist Italian League (1995–1996) Great South (2011–2013)
Christian-democratic	Italian Catholic Electoral Union (1906–1919) Conservative Catholics (1913–1919) Italian People's Party (1919–1926) Christian Democracy (1943–1994) Italian People's Party (1994–2002) Christian Democrats for the Republic (1998) Christian Democratic Centre (1994–2002) United Christian Democrats (1995–2002) European Democracy (2001–2002) Christian Democracy for Autonomies (2005–2009) Union of Democrats for Europe (1999–2013)
Conservative-liberal	Liberal Union (1913–1922) Italian Liberal Party (1922–1994) National Democratic Alliance (1953–1954) Union of the Centre
Liberal-conservative	Economic Party (1919–1924) Forza Italia (1994–2009) The People of Freedom (2009–2013) Future and Freedom (2010–2014) New Centre-Right (2013–2017) Conservatives and Reformists (2015–2017) Direction Italy (2017–2019) Cambiamo! (2019–2022)
National-conservative	Common Man's Front (1946–1949) Monarchist National Party (1946–1959) People's Monarchist Party (1954–1959) Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (1959–1972) National Democracy (1977–1979) National Alliance (1995–2009)
Nationalist	Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923) Combatants' Party (1919–1923) National Fascist Party (1921–1943) Republican Fascist Party (1943–1945) Italian Social Movement (1946–1995)
List of political parties in Italy 19th-century Italian political groups Early 20th-century Italian political parties 1950s–1990s Italian political parties Current Italian political parties